This might be the most important scientific paper of 2025. A bold statement to make in January, no less, but there you are

Juan Manuel García-Ruiz and team redid the famous 1952 experiment by Dr. Stanley Miller, which demonstrated that the exact conditions on Earth that created life could be replicated in a lab aka the primordial soup.

But, when Ruiz redid his experiment, he got something even more extraordinary than primordial soup, he got protocells – non-living self-organized structures believed to be the precursor to life itself. He was looking at a snapshot of Earth before life existed, when it was just a proto-world…